Threadlike structure in every cell nucleus that carries the inheritance factors (genes) composed of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, the gene material) and a protein (usually histone). A human cell normally contains 46 chromosomes, 22 similar pairs and 1 pair of sex chromosomes which are similar in girls but different in boys; one member of each pair of...
One of the two main divisions of the human nervous system (the other being the peripheral nervous system), consisting of the brain and the spinal cord. The main coordinating and controlling centre of the body, the central nervous system processes information to and from the peripheral nervous system. The system is made up of grey matter (mostly...
Screening to prevent and detect cervical cancer is based on cells being brushed from the cervix into liquid preservative and examined in the laboratory under a microscope (cytology). An alternative testing strategy, screening the cells first for human papilloma virus (HPV), has been shown to lead to the detection of a larger number of treatable pre-cancerous lesions. A follow-up study of 176,464 women who had taken part in four European randomised trials that tested these screening alternatives was published online in The Lancet on 3 November 2013. HPV-based screening was found to provide 60-70% greater protection against the development of invasive cancer of the cervix than cytology-based screening.
A triangular endocrine, or ductless hormone-secreting gland with one situated above each kidney. There are two functional portions of the adrenal gland. The adrenal cortex is the outer part of the gland and manufactures and secretes sex hormones (androgens), glucocorticosteroids (e.g. cortisol) and mineralocorticosteroids (e.g. aldosterone). This...

ACB

Submitted by eoconnell on Mon, 06/26/2017 - 20:21

The Association for  Laboratory Medicine was founded in 1953, and is one of the oldest such Associations in the world. Based in the United Kingdom, it is a professional body dedicated to the practice and promotion of clinical science. The Association has medical and non-medical members in all major UK healthcare laboratories, in many university departments and in several commercial companies. The links with its Corporate Members leads to a fruitful relationship with the clinical diagnostics industry. LabMed liaises with and is consulted by many national and international organizations on issues relating to clinical biochemistry.

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Premature coronary heart disease can result from the inheritance of a genetic defect from one parent that raises the blood plasma cholesterol concentration from birth. If the condition familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is detected early, treatment can prevent premature disease. At present all close relatives of an affected individual are offered screening tests. A UK study published in The New England Journal of Medicine on 27 October 2016 found that screening all toddlers during a routine vaccination visit to 92 general practice surgeries identified both children and parents at risk. Of 10,095 one year old children who were tested over three years, 28 (0.3%) were found to have FH; 28 parents also had FH of whom 25 started cholesterol-lowering treatment.
There are two descriptions of what may be referred to using the term "coagulation cascade". 1. The first is the physiological coagulation cascade which is used to describe a very complex step by step process that occurs in the body (in vivo) when a blood vessel is injured. Several special proteins known as coagulation factors are activated one...
Abnormal accumulation of mast cells within one or more organs. Mast cells are a type of tissue cell found throughout the body that release chemicals as part of the body's normal response to injury but sometimes as part of an allergic response. Cutaneous mastocytosis is a benign disease of the skin, usually affecting children. Systemic mastocytosis...
Research has suggested that screening for an inherited genetic defect known as familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) during routine immunization visits in early childhood could identify both children and parents at risk of premature coronary heart disease. This would be helpful as many people with this disorder are not diagnosed until they develop cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted in the United Kingdom and published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Researchers adapted a highly sensitive method of analysis to measure a brain protein called tau in blood (plasma) samples. They reported online in JAMA Neurology on 13 March 2014 that following sports-related traumatic brain injury in Swedish ice hockey players, plasma tau protein levels were higher than in control players. They hope the test can be developed to help sports physicians diagnose concussion and predict when those affected can safely return to play.