Four hours after taking gluten, patients with coeliac disease had an increased blood cytokine concentration

During a heart attack, proteins called troponins are released from damaged heart muscle. If a series of sensitive troponin blood tests show no increase during the twelve hours after the onset of chest pain, a heart attack can be ruled out. A recent clinical study from Manchester Royal Infirmary has found that an undetectable sensitive troponin level in the first blood sample of the series allows heart attack to be ruled out immediately. However, patients whose blood carries an antibody to troponin can have misleadingly low test results. Recent work from Germany has strongly suggested that reliability can be improved by the addition of a second rapid test for the stress hormone copeptin.